Japanese maples are celebrated for their graceful beauty, showcasing delicate leaves and stunning fall colors. The two most common types are the upright Acer palmatum and the smaller, weeping Japanese laceleaf maple (Acer palmatum var. dissectum). When planted in full sun, these trees flourish, creating a lush canopy that can be enhanced through careful pruning.
One common issue with Japanese maples under 15 years old is the emergence of skinny, unattractive growth known as “buggy whips.” This problem often arises from impatient pruning, which can lead to more of the same undesirable growth. The best approach is to allow the tree to mature naturally for as long as possible. As the whips age, they will thicken, develop lateral branches, and transform into attractive scaffold limbs. Patience is keyβresist the urge to prune too early.
It’s important to note that while you can modify the width of a Japanese maple, attempting to limit its height is futile. The tree will respond by growing even faster and producing unruly branches.
Timing your pruning can make a significant difference. Japanese maples can be pruned almost any time if done selectively, but winter or summer is generally best. In winter, the lack of leaves allows for easy visibility of the branch structure, while summer pruning helps you gauge the necessary thinning without stimulating excessive growth. Avoid pruning during hot weather, as removing foliage exposes the tree’s delicate bark to sunscald.
When pruning, be cautious not to remove more than one-fifth of the crown at a time, and avoid cutting branches that are more than half the diameter of the parent stem. Each branch relies on its leaves for photosynthesis, so excessive foliage removal can starve the tree.
For those looking to “limb up” their Japanese maple, it’s best to remove only a few lower branches at a time to minimize stress. Avoid making cuts directly above one another, as this can lead to decay.
The goal of pruning is to create a layered structure, allowing branches to overlap without touching. If a lateral branch grows downward, it should be removed or cut back to encourage upward growth.
While light pruning is manageable for a healthy tree, if your maple is struggling, limit your cuts to deadwood removal. Be especially gentle during the tree’s low-energy periods, such as spring leaf emergence or fall leaf drop.
When making cuts, aim to stay just up to the branch collar to avoid leaving unsightly stubs or causing rot. Remember, pruning cannot change the inherent nature of the tree; instead, it reveals its natural beauty.
Laceleaf maples, often daunting due to their fragile structure, can be pruned to form a protective shell of foliage. This technique maintains the unique, twisting branches that contribute to the tree’s overall charm.
With the right pruning techniques, your Japanese maple can thrive, showcasing its elegance through every season. Happy pruning! πβοΈ