Growth Buds: Apical dominance controls growth from the terminal bud; vertical branches show strong apical dominance.
Removing Heavy Branches: Use an undercut to prevent bark tearing, follow with an upper cut, and finish with a close cut near the branch collar for optimal healing.
Pruning Timing: Prune most plants in winter or spring, flowering shrubs after blooming, and evergreens in spring. Prune fruit trees for better light and fruit production.
Roses: Prune in spring to healthy wood just above an outward-facing bud.
Techniques: Thin by removing entire shoots, eliminate water sprouts and suckers, and use renewal pruning to improve air circulation and light.
Healing and Regrowth: Cut close to the main branch without injuring the bark ridge or branch collar for faster healing and more vigorous regrowth.